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Energy Technologies Area (ETA) researchers are continually building on the strong scientific foundation we have developed over the past 50 years. We address the world’s most pressing climate challenges by bringing to market energy-efficient innovations across the buildings, transportation, and industrial sectors. ETA is at the forefront of developing better batteries for electric vehicles; improving the country's aging electrical grid and innovating distributed energy and storage solutions; developing grid-interactive, efficient buildings; and providing the most comprehensive market and data analysis worldwide for renewable technologies like wind and solar.
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The Energy Technologies Area (ETA) is unique in translating fundamental scientific discoveries into scalable technology adoption. Our approach combines an understanding of the marketplace and the role of state and federal regulation and policies. ETA's research drives real-world, practical results that affect and improve the everyday lives of Americans and those across the globe. Saving energy and battling the Climate Crisis are key to the foundation of our research, which is driven by technoeconomic analysis and in-lab experimentation and discovery.

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1991

Farrow, L.A., Ramamoorthy Ramesh, and J.-M. Tarascon."Raman spectra of bismuth cuprate high-Tc superconductors and 3d-metal-substituted phases."Physical Review B 43 (1991) 418-423. DOI

Ramesh, Ramamoorthy, K. Remschnig, and J.M. Tarascon."Structural evolution in lead substituted Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductors."Journal of Materials Research 6 (1991) 278-288. DOI

Ramesh, Ramamoorthy, A. Inam, D.M. Hwang, T.D. Sands, C.C. Chang, and D.L. Hart."Surface outgrowth problem in c-axis oriented Y-Ba-Cu-O superconducting thin films."Applied Physics Letters 58 (1991) 1557-1559. DOI

Harshavardhan, K.S., Ramamoorthy Ramesh, T.S. Ravi, S. Sampere, A. Inam, C.C. Chang, G. Hull, M. Rajeswari, T. Sands, T. Venkatesan, M. Reeves, J.E. Tkaczyk, and K.W. Lay."YBa2Cu3O7-x films on flexible, partially stabilized zirconia substrates with fully stabilized zirconia buffer layers."Applied Physics Letters 59 (1991) 1638-1640. DOI

1990

Inam, A., C.T. Rogers, Ramamoorthy Ramesh, K. Remschnig, L. Farrow, D. Hart, T. Venkatesan, and B. Wilkens."a-axis oriented epitaxial YBa2Cu3O 7-x-PrBa2Cu3O7-y heterostructures."Applied Physics Letters 57 (1990) 2484-2486. DOI

Hwang, D.M., T.S. Ravi, Ramamoorthy Ramesh, S.-W. Chan, C.Y. Chen, L. Nazar, X.D. Wu, A. Inam, and T. Venkatesan."Application of a near coincidence site lattice theory to the orientations of YBa2Cu3O7-x grains on (001) MgO substrates."Applied Physics Letters 57 (1990) 1690-1692. DOI

Ramesh, Ramamoorthy, D.M. Hwang, J.B. Barner, L. Nazar, T.S. Ravi, A. Inam, B. Dutta, X.D. Wu, and T. Venkatesan."Defect Structure of Laser Deposited Y-Ba-Cu-O Thin Films on Single Crystal MgO Substrate."Journal of Materials Research 5 (1990) 704-716. DOI

Ramesh, Ramamoorthy, T.S. Ravi, D.M. Hwang, A. Inam, X.X. Xi, X.D. Wu, T. Venkatesan, and R. Kilaas."Direct observation of a new cationic vacancy ordered defect structure in laser-deposited superconducting YBaCuO thin films."Materials Letters 10 (1990) 23-27. DOI

Ramesh, Ramamoorthy, D.M. Hwang, T. Venkatesan, T.S. Ravi, L. Nazar, A. Inam, X.D. Wu, B. Dutta, G. Thomas, A.F. Marshall, and T.H. Geballe."Direct observation of structural defects in laser-deposited superconducting Y-Ba-Cu-O thin films."Science 247 (1990) 57-59. DOI

Chang, C.C., T. Venkatesan, M.S. Hegde, D.M. Hwang, Ramamoorthy Ramesh, C.T. Rogers, A. Frenkel, E.W. Chase, L. Nazar, X.D. Wu, and A. Inam."Electron microscopy and spectroscopy for characterization of surface and film properties of high temperature superconductors."Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 1187 (1990) 216-226. DOI

Ramesh, Ramamoorthy, E. Wang, L.H. Greene, M.S. Hegde, and J.-M. Tarascon."Electron Microscopy of the Pb-Sr-Ca-Er-Cu-O Superconductor."Journal of Materials Research 5 (1990) 251-257. DOI

Sands, T., J.P. Harbison, M.L. Leadbeater, S.J. Allen Jr., G.W. Hull, Ramamoorthy Ramesh, and V.G. Keramidas."Epitaxial ferromagnetic τ-MnAl films on GaAs."Applied Physics Letters 57 (1990) 2609-2611. DOI

Ramesh, Ramamoorthy, K. Luther, B. Wilkens, D.L. Hart, E. Wang, J.M. Tarascon, A. Inam, X.D. Wu, and T. Venkatesan."Epitaxial growth of ferroelectric bismuth titanate thin films by pulsed laser deposition."Applied Physics Letters 57 (1990) 1505-1507. DOI

Hwang, D.M., Ramamoorthy Ramesh, C.Y. Chen, X.D. Wu, A. Inam, M.S. Hegde, B. Wilkens, C.C. Chang, L. Nazar, T. Venkatesan, S. Miura, S. Matsubara, Y. Miyasaka, and N. Shohata."Epitaxial relations between in situ superconducting YBa2Cu 3O7-x thin films and BaTiO3/MgAl 2O4/Si substrates."Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990) 1772-1776. DOI

Venkatesan, T., A. Inam, B. Dutta, Ramamoorthy Ramesh, M.S. Hegde, X.D. Wu, L. Nazar, C.C. Chang, J.B. Barner, D.M. Hwang, and C.T. Rogers."Epitaxial Y1Ba2Cu3O7-y/Y 1-xPrxBa2Cu3O7-y heterostructures."Applied Physics Letters 56 (1990) 391-393. DOI

Ramesh, Ramamoorthy, D. Hwang, T.S. Ravi, A. Inam, J.B. Barner, L. Nazar, S.W. Chan, C.Y. Chen, B. Dutta, T. Venkatesan, and X.D. Wu."Epitaxy of Y-Ba-Cu-O thin films grown on single-crystal MgO."Applied Physics Letters 56 (1990) 2243-2245. DOI

Ramesh, Ramamoorthy, B.G. Bagley, J.M. Tarascon, S.M. Green, M.L. Rudee, and H.L. Luo."Grain boundaries and defects in superconducting Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O ceramics."Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990) 379-387. DOI

Ravi, T.S., D.M. Hwang, Ramamoorthy Ramesh, S.W. Chan, L. Nazar, C.Y. Chen, A. Inam, and T. Venkatesan."Grain boundaries and interfaces in Y-Ba-Cu-O films laser deposited on single-crystal MgO."Physical Review B 42 (1990) 10141-10151. DOI

Inam, A., Q. Li, X.X. Xi, X.D. Wu, B. Dutta, Ramamoorthy Ramesh, J.A. Martinez, B. Wilkens, J. Barner, L. Nazar, D.M. Hwang, C.C. Chang, S.A. Schwarz, H. Dorsett, L. DiDomenico, C. Weiss, A. Findikoglu, D. Hemmick, J.M. Tarascon, C.T. Rogers, and T. Venkatesan."High tc superconducting electronics research at bellcore/rutgers."Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 1187 (1990) 148-160. DOI

Ramesh, Ramamoorthy, N.J. Kim, and G. Thomas."Improvement in toughness of Fe-Cr-Mn-C steels by thermal-mechanical treatments."Metallurgical Transactions A 21 (1990) 683-695. DOI

Remschnig, K., J.M. Tarascon, Ramamoorthy Ramesh, G.W. Hull, and P. Rogl."Increase of Tc and disappearance of the structural modulation in the system Bi-Sr-Sm-Ce-Cu-O upon Pb substitution."Physica C: Superconductivity and its applications 170 (1990) 284-290. DOI

Sands, T., J.P. Harbison, Ramamoorthy Ramesh, C.J. Palmstrøm, L.T. Florez, and V.G. Keramidas."Interface crystallography and stability in epitaxial metal (NiAl, CoAl)/III-V Semiconductor heterostructures."Materials Science and Engineering B 6 (1990) 147-157. DOI

Li, Q., X.X. Xi, X.D. Wu, A. Inam, S. Vadlamannati, W.L. McLean, T. Venkatesan, Ramamoorthy Ramesh, D.M. Hwang, J.A. Martinez, and L. Nazar."Interlayer coupling effect in high-Tc superconductors probed by YBa2Cu3O7-x/PrBa2Cu3O7-x superlattices."Physical Review Letters 64 (1990) 3086-3089. DOI

Wu, X.D., R.E. Muenchausen, S. Foltyn, R.C. Estler, R.C. Dye, A.R. Garcia, N.S. Nogar, P. England, Ramamoorthy Ramesh, D.M. Hwang, T.S. Ravi, C.C. Chang, T. Venkatesan, X.X. Xi, Q. Li, and A. Inam."Large critical current densities in YBa2Cu3O 7-x thin films made at high deposition rates."Applied Physics Letters 57 (1990) 523-525. DOI

Tarascon, J.M., E. Wang, S. Kivelson, B.G. Bagley, G.W. Hull, and Ramamoorthy Ramesh."Magnetic versus nonmagnetic ion substitution effects on Tc in the La-Sr-Cu-O and Nd-Ce-Cu-O systems."Physical Review B 42 (1990) 218-222. DOI