Energy Technologies Area Early History
Ernest Orlando Lawrence arrived at the University of California’s Berkeley campus in the summer of 1928. He was 27 years old. From the beginning, he began crossing entrenched disciplinary lines, bringing scientists, engineers, and students from a variety of disciplines together, setting the pattern for the unique laboratory he created. By 1930, he built his first cyclotron, and by 1939 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his invention. As the story goes, when his grand ideas would no longer fit on UC Berkeley's main campus, officials granted the land in the hills, as it was not seen as valuable at the time. Throughout the next decades, Lawrence founded his Radiation Laboratory, moved his growing laboratory to the Berkeley hills location, and, eventually, died in August 1958. Edwin McMillan took over his post as director and the Lab was renamed Lawrence Radiation Laboratory.
Aug 26, 1931 - Lawrence founds the Radiation Laboratory
Ernest Lawrence founds the Radiation Laboratory (Rad Lab) on the Berkeley Campus housed in the former Civil Engineering Testing Laboratory.
July 1, 1936 - Lab becomes University of California Radiation Lab
University of California establishes the University of California Radiation Lab as an independent entity within the University of California Berkeley Physics Department.
1939 - Lab starts moving into Berkeley Hills
Lawrence starts moving the Lab onto University property in the Berkeley Hills to construct the 184-inch cyclotron.
1942 - Participation in war effort
The Lab devotes full attention to the war effort.
1946 - Construction of the 184-inch cyclotron is completed
January 1947 - Atomic Energy Commission established
The Atomic Energy Commission was established by Harry Truman to take over nuclear-related research from the military.
1953 - Livermore becomes second site
Ernest Lawrence and Edward Teller establish a second site at Livermore.
1954 - Charles Tobias Arrives
The founding father of electrochemical engineering establishes the Electrochemical Research Program at Berkeley Lab, the first to apply strict scientific methods to this area of research. This innovation ultimately provides the basis for ETA’s Energy Storage & Distributed Resources Division and cements a long-standing research collaboration with UC Berkeley.
August 27, 1958 - Lawrence dies, Edwin McMillan takes over
Ernest Lawrence dies of ulcerative colitis at the age of 57. Edwin McMillan is appointed Lab director.
1959 - Lab named after Lawrence
University of California Regents change the name of Lab to Lawrence Radiation Laboratory.
1960s - Environmental Awareness
Berkeley Lab starts the transition to energy and environment-related research that is much more applied than its previous research, opening a new swath of science that becomes prominent and very important to researchers and the public in the coming decades.
1960s - Construction begins on Building 90
1960s - Building 90 opens for business (administrative functions only initially)
Building 90 later becomes the home of much of the Energy Technologies Area. Today, ETA fills not only Building 90 but a occupies space in a number of other buildings at Berkeley Lab.
1960s - Next-gen Solid State and Sodium-Ion Batteries
Groundbreaking work enables materials researchers worldwide to develop new battery chemistries and materials, including next-gen solid state and sodium-ion batteries. This research contributes to the optimization of every battery produced since, from cell phones to cars to microgrids.
1963 - Tihomir (Tica) Novakov arrives at the Lab
Tihomir Novakov arrives at the Lab, later becoming part of the Energy and Environment department, and then the leader of the Environmental Research Program for many years. Novakov coins the term black carbon by the 1970s, pioneering the now-massive field of research on the nature and impacts of carbonaceous aerosols in the environment, inspiring many.
1968 - Origins of Energy and Environment
In the fall, Andy Sessler (Physics Division) holds a meeting of 15-20 people to talk about environmental problems that the Lab might address. Jack Hollander (Nuclear Chemistry Division) was the only attendee who expressed an interest.