Research Themes +
Energy Technologies Area (ETA) researchers are continually building on the strong scientific foundation we have developed over the past 50 years. We address the world’s most pressing climate challenges by bringing to market energy-efficient innovations across the buildings, transportation, and industrial sectors. ETA is at the forefront of developing better batteries for electric vehicles; improving the country's aging electrical grid and innovating distributed energy and storage solutions; developing grid-interactive, efficient buildings; and providing the most comprehensive market and data analysis worldwide for renewable technologies like wind and solar.
Strategic Initiatives +
The Energy Technologies Area (ETA) Strategic Plan is the guiding force for our research and development for the next ten years. It clearly charts a path toward clean-energy solutions and focuses on five detailed Strategic Initiatives. The Plan provides an in-depth look at how ETA is accelerating research to provide affordable, clean energy to all while accomplishing deep, economy-wide decarbonization, looking to avoid a rise in global average temperature while simultaneously developing solutions to increase humanity's resilience to extreme weather volatility.
Publications
News +
For media inquiries,
please contact ETA
Interim Communications Manager
Kiran Julin

kjulin@lbl.gov
About Us +
The Energy Technologies Area (ETA) is unique in translating fundamental scientific discoveries into scalable technology adoption. Our approach combines an understanding of the marketplace and the role of state and federal regulation and policies. ETA's research drives real-world, practical results that affect and improve the everyday lives of Americans and those across the globe. Saving energy and battling the Climate Crisis are key to the foundation of our research, which is driven by technoeconomic analysis and in-lab experimentation and discovery.

Epitaxially induced high temperature (>900 K) cubic-tetragonal structural phase transition in BaTiO 3 thin films

Publication Type

Journal Article

Authors

Bai, F., H. Zheng, H. Cao, L.E. Cross, Ramamoorthy Ramesh, J. Li, D. Viehland

DOI

10.1063/1.1812579

Abstract

For (001) coriented BaTiO 3 thin films, it has been found that epitaxial constraint can result in a dramatic increase in the temperature of a tetragonal (T) structural phase transition. For 2000-Å-thick films grown directly on SrTiO 3 substrates, a T → cubic (C) phase transition was found on heating at >950 K, where the lattice constant changed smoothly with temperature. It was also found for films of the same thickness that the T → C transition is nearly restored to that of bulk crystals by the use of a buffer layer, which relaxes the epitaxial constraint. These results provide evidence of an epitaxially induced high temperature structural phase transition in BaTiO 3thin films, where the ferroelectric (internal) and structural (external) aspects of the phase transition are decoupled. © 2004 American Institute of Physics.

Journal

Applied Physics Letters

Volume

Year of Publication

2004

ISSN

00036951

Notes

cited By 20

Research Areas

Ramesh Lab